Unit 4: Systems of classification

Unit 5: Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and cladistics

Unit 6: Phylogeny of Angiosperms

Unit 4: Systems of classification

Theophrastus

Toumefort

Linnaeus

Bauhin

Adanson

de Candolle

Bentham and Hooker

Bessey

Hutchinson

Takhtajan

Cronquist

Takhtajan

idea of APG

Unit 5: Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and cladistics

Characters

Variations;

OTUs

character weighting and coding

Cluster analysis

Phenograms & cladograms

Unit 6: Phylogeny of Angiosperms

homology

primitive and advanced

analogy

parallelism

convergence

monophyly

Paraphyly

polyphyly

clades

Origin and evolution of angiosperms

Methods of illustrating evolutionary relationship (phylogenetic tree, cladogram)